1 files changed, 439 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/ratchet.cpp b/src/ratchet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72c6e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ratchet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "axolotl/ratchet.hh"
+#include "axolotl/message.hh"
+#include "axolotl/memory.hh"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace {
+
+std::uint8_t PROTOCOL_VERSION = 3;
+std::size_t MAC_LENGTH = 8;
+std::size_t KEY_LENGTH = axolotl::Curve25519PublicKey::LENGTH;
+std::uint8_t MESSAGE_KEY_SEED[1] = {0x01};
+std::uint8_t CHAIN_KEY_SEED[1] = {0x02};
+std::size_t MAX_MESSAGE_GAP = 2000;
+
+void create_chain_key(
+    axolotl::SharedKey const & root_key,
+    axolotl::Curve25519KeyPair const & our_key,
+    axolotl::Curve25519PublicKey const & their_key,
+    axolotl::KdfInfo const & info,
+    axolotl::SharedKey & new_root_key,
+    axolotl::ChainKey & new_chain_key
+) {
+    axolotl::SharedKey secret;
+    axolotl::curve25519_shared_secret(our_key, their_key, secret);
+    std::uint8_t derived_secrets[64];
+    axolotl::hkdf_sha256(
+        secret, sizeof(secret),
+        root_key, sizeof(root_key),
+        info.ratchet_info, info.ratchet_info_length,
+        derived_secrets, sizeof(derived_secrets)
+    );
+    std::memcpy(new_root_key, derived_secrets, 32);
+    std::memcpy(new_chain_key.key, derived_secrets + 32, 32);
+    new_chain_key.index = 0;
+    axolotl::unset(derived_secrets);
+    axolotl::unset(secret);
+}
+
+
+void advance_chain_key(
+    axolotl::ChainKey const & chain_key,
+    axolotl::ChainKey & new_chain_key
+) {
+    axolotl::hmac_sha256(
+        chain_key.key, sizeof(chain_key.key),
+        CHAIN_KEY_SEED, sizeof(CHAIN_KEY_SEED),
+        new_chain_key.key
+    );
+    new_chain_key.index = chain_key.index + 1;
+}
+
+
+void create_message_keys(
+    axolotl::ChainKey const & chain_key,
+    axolotl::KdfInfo const & info,
+    axolotl::MessageKey & message_key
+) {
+    axolotl::SharedKey secret;
+    axolotl::hmac_sha256(
+        chain_key.key, sizeof(chain_key.key),
+        MESSAGE_KEY_SEED, sizeof(MESSAGE_KEY_SEED),
+        secret
+    );
+    std::uint8_t derived_secrets[80];
+    axolotl::hkdf_sha256(
+        secret, sizeof(secret),
+        NULL, 0,
+        info.message_info, info.message_info_length,
+        derived_secrets, sizeof(derived_secrets)
+    );
+    std::memcpy(message_key.cipher_key.key, derived_secrets, 32);
+    std::memcpy(message_key.mac_key, derived_secrets + 32, 32);
+    std::memcpy(message_key.iv.iv, derived_secrets + 64, 16);
+    message_key.index = chain_key.index;
+    axolotl::unset(derived_secrets);
+    axolotl::unset(secret);
+}
+
+
+bool verify_mac(
+    axolotl::MessageKey const & message_key,
+    std::uint8_t const * input,
+    axolotl::MessageReader const & reader
+) {
+    std::uint8_t mac[axolotl::HMAC_SHA256_OUTPUT_LENGTH];
+    axolotl::hmac_sha256(
+        message_key.mac_key, sizeof(message_key.mac_key),
+        input, reader.body_length,
+        mac
+    );
+
+    bool result = std::memcmp(mac, reader.mac, MAC_LENGTH) == 0;
+    axolotl::unset(mac);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+bool verify_mac_for_existing_chain(
+    axolotl::Session const & session,
+    axolotl::ChainKey const & chain,
+    std::uint8_t const * input,
+    axolotl::MessageReader const & reader
+) {
+    if (reader.counter < chain.index) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Limit the number of hashes we're prepared to compute */
+    if (reader.counter - chain.index > MAX_MESSAGE_GAP) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    axolotl::ChainKey new_chain = chain;
+
+    while (new_chain.index < reader.counter) {
+        advance_chain_key(new_chain, new_chain);
+    }
+
+    axolotl::MessageKey message_key;
+    create_message_keys(new_chain, session.kdf_info, message_key);
+
+    bool result = verify_mac(message_key, input, reader);
+    axolotl::unset(new_chain);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+bool verify_mac_for_new_chain(
+    axolotl::Session const & session,
+    std::uint8_t const * input,
+    axolotl::MessageReader const & reader
+) {
+    axolotl::SharedKey new_root_key;
+    axolotl::ReceiverChain new_chain;
+
+    /* They shouldn't move to a new chain until we've sent them a message
+     * acknowledging the last one */
+    if (session.sender_chain.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Limit the number of hashes we're prepared to compute */
+    if (reader.counter > MAX_MESSAGE_GAP) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::memcpy(
+        new_chain.ratchet_key.public_key, reader.ratchet_key, KEY_LENGTH
+    );
+
+    create_chain_key(
+        session.root_key, session.sender_chain[0].ratchet_key,
+        new_chain.ratchet_key, session.kdf_info,
+        new_root_key, new_chain.chain_key
+    );
+
+    bool result = verify_mac_for_existing_chain(
+        session, new_chain.chain_key, input, reader
+    );
+    axolotl::unset(new_root_key);
+    axolotl::unset(new_chain);
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+
+axolotl::Session::Session(
+    axolotl::KdfInfo const & kdf_info
+) : kdf_info(kdf_info), last_error(axolotl::ErrorCode::SUCCESS) {
+}
+
+
+void axolotl::Session::initialise_as_bob(
+    std::uint8_t const * shared_secret, std::size_t shared_secret_length,
+    axolotl::Curve25519PublicKey const & their_ratchet_key
+) {
+    std::uint8_t derived_secrets[64];
+    axolotl::hkdf_sha256(
+        shared_secret, shared_secret_length,
+        NULL, 0,
+        kdf_info.root_info, kdf_info.root_info_length,
+        derived_secrets, sizeof(derived_secrets)
+    );
+    receiver_chains.insert();
+    std::memcpy(root_key, derived_secrets, 32);
+    std::memcpy(receiver_chains[0].chain_key.key, derived_secrets + 32, 32);
+    receiver_chains[0].ratchet_key = their_ratchet_key;
+    axolotl::unset(derived_secrets);
+}
+
+
+void axolotl::Session::initialise_as_alice(
+    std::uint8_t const * shared_secret, std::size_t shared_secret_length,
+    axolotl::Curve25519KeyPair const & our_ratchet_key
+) {
+    std::uint8_t derived_secrets[64];
+    axolotl::hkdf_sha256(
+        shared_secret, shared_secret_length,
+        NULL, 0,
+        kdf_info.root_info, kdf_info.root_info_length,
+        derived_secrets, sizeof(derived_secrets)
+    );
+    sender_chain.insert();
+    std::memcpy(root_key, derived_secrets, 32);
+    std::memcpy(sender_chain[0].chain_key.key, derived_secrets + 32, 32);
+    sender_chain[0].ratchet_key = our_ratchet_key;
+    axolotl::unset(derived_secrets);
+}
+
+
+std::size_t axolotl::Session::encrypt_max_output_length(
+    std::size_t plaintext_length
+) {
+    std::size_t counter = 0;
+    if (!sender_chain.empty()) {
+        counter = sender_chain[0].chain_key.index;
+    }
+    std::size_t padded = axolotl::aes_encrypt_cbc_length(plaintext_length);
+    return axolotl::encode_message_length(
+        counter, KEY_LENGTH, padded, MAC_LENGTH
+    );
+}
+
+
+std::size_t axolotl::Session::encrypt_random_length() {
+    return sender_chain.empty() ? KEY_LENGTH : 0;
+}
+
+
+std::size_t axolotl::Session::encrypt(
+    std::uint8_t const * plaintext, std::size_t plaintext_length,
+    std::uint8_t const * random, std::size_t random_length,
+    std::uint8_t * output, std::size_t max_output_length
+) {
+    if (random_length < encrypt_random_length()) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::NOT_ENOUGH_RANDOM;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    }
+    if (max_output_length < encrypt_max_output_length(plaintext_length)) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    }
+
+    if (sender_chain.empty()) {
+        sender_chain.insert();
+        axolotl::generate_key(random, sender_chain[0].ratchet_key);
+        create_chain_key(
+            root_key,
+            sender_chain[0].ratchet_key,
+            receiver_chains[0].ratchet_key,
+            kdf_info,
+            root_key, sender_chain[0].chain_key
+        );
+    }
+
+    MessageKey keys;
+    create_message_keys(sender_chain[0].chain_key, kdf_info, keys);
+    advance_chain_key(sender_chain[0].chain_key, sender_chain[0].chain_key);
+
+    std::size_t padded = axolotl::aes_encrypt_cbc_length(plaintext_length);
+    std::uint32_t counter = keys.index;
+    const Curve25519PublicKey &ratchet_key = sender_chain[0].ratchet_key;
+
+    axolotl::MessageWriter writer(axolotl::encode_message(
+        PROTOCOL_VERSION, counter, KEY_LENGTH, padded, output
+    ));
+
+    std::memcpy(writer.ratchet_key, ratchet_key.public_key, KEY_LENGTH);
+
+    axolotl::aes_encrypt_cbc(
+        keys.cipher_key, keys.iv,
+        plaintext, plaintext_length,
+        writer.ciphertext
+    );
+
+    std::uint8_t mac[axolotl::HMAC_SHA256_OUTPUT_LENGTH];
+    axolotl::hmac_sha256(
+        keys.mac_key, sizeof(keys.mac_key),
+        output, writer.body_length,
+        mac
+    );
+    std::memcpy(writer.mac, mac, MAC_LENGTH);
+
+    axolotl::unset(keys);
+    return writer.body_length + MAC_LENGTH;
+}
+
+
+std::size_t axolotl::Session::decrypt_max_plaintext_length(
+    std::size_t input_length
+) {
+    return input_length;
+}
+
+
+std::size_t axolotl::Session::decrypt(
+    std::uint8_t const * input, std::size_t input_length,
+    std::uint8_t * plaintext, std::size_t max_plaintext_length
+) {
+    if (max_plaintext_length < decrypt_max_plaintext_length(input_length)) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    }
+
+    axolotl::MessageReader reader(axolotl::decode_message(
+        input, input_length, MAC_LENGTH
+    ));
+
+    if (reader.version != PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_VERSION;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    }
+
+    if (reader.body_length == 0 || reader.ratchet_key_length != KEY_LENGTH) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_FORMAT;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    }
+
+    ReceiverChain * chain = NULL;
+    for (axolotl::ReceiverChain & receiver_chain : receiver_chains) {
+        if (0 == std::memcmp(
+                receiver_chain.ratchet_key.public_key, reader.ratchet_key,
+                KEY_LENGTH
+        )) {
+            chain = &receiver_chain;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!chain) {
+        if (!verify_mac_for_new_chain(*this, input, reader)) {
+            last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+            return std::size_t(-1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (chain->chain_key.index > reader.counter) {
+            /* Chain already advanced beyond the key for this message
+             * Check if the message keys are in the skipped key list. */
+            for (axolotl::SkippedMessageKey & skipped : skipped_message_keys) {
+                if (reader.counter == skipped.message_key.index
+                        && 0 == std::memcmp(
+                            skipped.ratchet_key.public_key, reader.ratchet_key,
+                            KEY_LENGTH
+                        )
+                ) {
+                    /* Found the key for this message. Check the MAC. */
+                    if (!verify_mac(skipped.message_key, input, reader)) {
+                        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+                        return std::size_t(-1);
+                    }
+
+                    std::size_t result = axolotl::aes_decrypt_cbc(
+                        skipped.message_key.cipher_key,
+                        skipped.message_key.iv,
+                        reader.ciphertext, reader.ciphertext_length,
+                        plaintext
+                    );
+
+                    if (result == std::size_t(-1)) {
+                        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+                        return result;
+                    }
+
+                    /* Remove the key from the skipped keys now that we've
+                     * decoded the message it corresponds to. */
+                    axolotl::unset(skipped);
+                    skipped_message_keys.erase(&skipped);
+                    return result;
+                }
+            }
+            /* No matching keys for the message, fail with bad mac */
+            last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+            return std::size_t(-1);
+        } else if (!verify_mac_for_existing_chain(
+               *this, chain->chain_key, input, reader
+        )) {
+            last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+            return std::size_t(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!chain) {
+        /* They have started using a new empheral ratchet key.
+         * We need to derive a new set of chain keys.
+         * We can discard our previous empheral ratchet key.
+         * We will generate a new key when we send the next message. */
+        chain = receiver_chains.insert();
+        std::memcpy(
+            chain->ratchet_key.public_key, reader.ratchet_key, KEY_LENGTH
+        );
+        create_chain_key(
+            root_key, sender_chain[0].ratchet_key, chain->ratchet_key,
+            kdf_info, root_key, chain->chain_key
+        );
+        axolotl::unset(sender_chain[0]);
+        sender_chain.erase(sender_chain.begin());
+    }
+
+    while (chain->chain_key.index < reader.counter) {
+        axolotl::SkippedMessageKey & key = *skipped_message_keys.insert();
+        create_message_keys(chain->chain_key, kdf_info, key.message_key);
+        key.ratchet_key = chain->ratchet_key;
+        advance_chain_key(chain->chain_key, chain->chain_key);
+    }
+
+    axolotl::MessageKey message_key;
+    create_message_keys(chain->chain_key, kdf_info, message_key);
+    std::size_t result = axolotl::aes_decrypt_cbc(
+        message_key.cipher_key,
+        message_key.iv,
+        reader.ciphertext, reader.ciphertext_length,
+        plaintext
+    );
+    axolotl::unset(message_key);
+
+    advance_chain_key(chain->chain_key, chain->chain_key);
+
+    if (result == std::size_t(-1)) {
+        last_error = axolotl::ErrorCode::BAD_MESSAGE_MAC;
+        return std::size_t(-1);
+    } else {
+        return result;
+    }
+}